The differences between treatments in FMPS reduction after brushing were statistically significant ( p < 0.0001). Results: Twenty-two participants were randomized to the treatments in the four periods of the study. Mixed models were performed for difference in FMPS and VAS. The secondary outcome variable was a visual analogic scale (VAS) on subjective clean mouth sensation. Primary outcome measure was the reduction in full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) after brushing. Methods: Eligible participants were volunteer students. Background: The aim of this single-use, four-treatment, four-period (visit), cross-over, mono-centered, examiner-blind, cross-over randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy in dental plaque removal of a U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (U) compared to a conventional powered toothbrush (P), a habitual toothbrushing procedure (H), and no brushing (N).
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